Abstract: To clarify the occurrence state of gold in the Jinba gold deposit within the Altay mineralization belt, Xinjiang, a systematic investigation was conducted on gold grain size, carrier minerals, and chemical composition using optical microscopy, backscattered electron imaging (BSE), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicate that gold grains in the Jinba deposit are predominantly fine-grained, with most particles less than 20 μm in size, and exhibit mainly granular and irregular morphologies. The primary gold-bearing minerals are native gold and calaverite (telluride gold), accompanied by minor electrum (silver gold) and hessite (telluride silver gold), incorporating trace amounts of Ag, Bi, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sb. Silver content is low, resulting in high fineness values for native gold, ranging from 984 to 999 (average: 988), whereas telluride gold displays lower fineness values between 422 and 489 (average: 448). In the southern ore zone, gold occurs predominantly as intergranular and included gold, with minor occurrences along fractures; in the northern ore zone, gold is similarly hosted as intergranular and included phases. No distinct specificity in gold-hosting minerals is observed between the two zones, indicating a diverse range of carrier minerals. Pyrite associated with gold mineralization exhibits w(Fe)/w(S+As) ratios of 0.863–0.884, consistent with formation under medium-shallow crustal conditions. Furthermore, the w(Co)/w(Ni) ratios ranging from 2.85 to 8.00 reflect pronounced hydrothermal characteristics, suggesting a metamorphic origin for the ore-forming fluids. The Jinba deposit is situated near the Erqisi Fault within the Altay collisional orogenic belt and is structurally controlled by the secondary Markakuli shear zone. Its geological setting and mineralogical features align with those of other deposits in the region, classifying it as a typical orogenic-type gold deposit. The geochemical characteristics of associated pyrite further indicate formation under medium-shallow, medium-to-high temperature conditions, with an initial metamorphic hydrothermal fluid source later modified by the influx of meteoric water.