为明确河北某矿区土壤重金属元素污染特征及来源，在研究区内选取10个采样点，共采集土壤样本100件；利用综合质量影响指数法计算土壤样本中重金属元素的含量，并与标准值和背景值对比，确定土壤是否存在重金属元素超标现象；利用主成分法与因子分析确定重金属元素来源，同时结合多元线性回归模型得到污染源的贡献率；研究了重金属在土壤和农作物等不同介质中横向和纵向迁移规律。结果发现：研究区内土壤含有不同量的Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni、As元素，且均出现严重超标现象；重金属元素污染源主要为工业活动、煤炭燃烧、交通扬尘、矿区开采和运输扩散，不同介质中的重金属分布迁移规律表明其来源与矿业活动密切相关。研究结果可为该矿区土壤重金属污染防治提供数据支撑。

To clarify the pollution characteristies and sources of heavy metal elements in the soil of a mining area in Hebei Province, 10 sampling points were selected in the study area, and a total of 100 soil samples were collected. The comprehensive quality impact index method was used to calculate the content of heavy metal elements in the soil samples, which were compared with standard and background values to determine whether heavy metal levels exceeded allowable limits. Principal component and factor analyses were employed to identify the sources of heavy metals, while a multiple linear regression model was used to calculate the contribution rates of pollution sources. The horizontal and vertical migration patterns of heavy metals in soil and crops were also investigated. Results showed that the soil in the study area contains varying amounts of Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, and As, all of which exceed standard limits to a serious degree. The primary sources of heavy metal pollution in the area are industrial activities, coal combustion, traffic dust, mining, and transport-related diffusion. The distribution and migration patterns of heavy metals in different media indicate that their sources are closely related to mining activities. The findings provide data support for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the soil of this mining area.