有色金属是国民经济和国防建设不可或缺的重要基础原材料。中国目前有色金属对外依存度高，矿石品位较低，大型和中型矿山数量稀少，开采成本高昂，自然修复过程缓慢。基于有色金属产业的发展规模及发展过程中凸显的主要矛盾，对有色金属相关政策的演变历程进行了回顾。PCBs中有色金属含量远高于自然资源，具有巨大的经济潜力，现有大规模处理PCBs的企业以熔池熔炼技术为主，围绕|熔池熔炼处理电子废弃物，阐述了该技术研究现状及其国内外工业化动态。系统归纳了国内相关技术取得的应用成果，从该技术工业推广的历程、技术壁垒突破等角度总结了熔池熔炼技术资源化现状，讨论了有色金属熔池熔炼技术资源化技术特点，并对发展趋势进行了展望，期望为电子垃圾中有色金属熔池熔炼资源化利用提供参考。

Non-ferrous metals are indispensable raw materials for national economic and defense infrastructure. In China, the high external dependency, Iow ore grades, scarcity of large-and medium-scale mines, costly extraction, and slow natural remediation processes pose significant challenges to the non-ferrous metals industry. This study reviews the evolution of policies related to non-ferrous metals, highlighting the industry' s scale and key contradictions. Notably. printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain far higher concentrations of non-ferrous metals than natural ores, offering substantial economic potential. Current large-scale PCB processing predominantly employs bath smelting technology. This paper elaborates on the application of bath smelting for e-waste treatment, including its research progress and global industrialization trends. It systematically summarizes domestic technological achievements, analyzes the status of bath smelting in resource recovery from technical promotion and barrier-breaking perspectives, and discusses the unique characteristies of non-ferrous metal bath smelting. Future development directions are also proposed to provide insights for advancing resource-based utilization of non-ferrous metals in e-waste.