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首页   >    矿业工程

扇形中深孔采场边帮控制爆破技术及应用

  • 作者:
  • 温晨|黄敏|邱贤阳

  • 作者单位:
  • (1. 低品位难处理黄金资源综合利用国家重点实验室;2. 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司; 3. 紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司;4. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院)
  • 基金项目:

  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904602);广西重点研发计划项目(2022AB31023)
  • 详细信息:

  • 作者简介:
  • 温晨(1998—),男,助理工程师,硕士,从事控制爆破及岩层控制研究工作;E‑mail:1398448249@qq. com
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Controlled fan‑shaped medium‑long hole blasting technology for stope sidewalls and its application

  • English Author:
  • Wen Chen¹, ², ³, Huang Min¹, ², ³, Qiu Xianyang⁴

  • Unit:
  • (1. State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Low‑grade Refractory Gold Resources; 2. Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.; 3. Zijin (Changsha) Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.; 4. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University)
  • 摘要
  • 在线预览
  • 参考文献

摘要:

地下矿山中深孔爆破开采活动中,扇形中深孔爆破因其采准工程量小、结构简单、回采效率高、成本低等优点成为中厚矿体回采的重要方式之一。然而,大多数扇形孔采场爆破并未考虑采场的边帮控制问题,而复杂环境下的扇形孔采场爆后边帮结构极不平整,对生产安全和经济效益影响较大。以某铜矿为工程背景,采用理论分析和现场试验等研究方法对采场边帮控制爆破问题进行研究,在原采矿方法基础上,通过调整采场结构改善布孔方式,设计一种双控帮扇形中深孔分条空场嗣后充填采矿法,可以有效改善采场边帮及采场内部的炸药能量分布;并融入光面爆破的思想。经计算,36 mm装药直径所匹配的炮孔间距为0.8 m;采用孔外延期方式的逐孔起爆网络,并对其关键技术进行解释,单次起爆可达7排,保证了生产效率。在现场1000-1-4采场开展工业试验,回采后的边帮较为平整,较好地验证了研究结论的正确性。

关键词:

扇形中深孔;采场结构;控制爆破;光面爆破;逐孔起爆;不耦合装药;分条空场嗣后充填采矿法

Abstract:

In underground mining activities with medium-long hole blasting, fan-shaped hole blasting is one of the important methods adopted for medlium-thick orebody recovery due to its advantages of reduced development workload, simple structure, high recovery efficiency, and low cost. However, most fan-shaped hole blasting neglects sidewall control in stopes, leading to extremely uneven sidewalls after fan-shaped blasting in complex stope environments, which significantly impacts the safety and economic benefits. In the engineering background of a copper mine, this study integrates theoretical analysis and field tests to address the issue of stope sidewall blasting control. By modifying the stope structure and hole layout under the original mining method, a dual-controlled sidewall fan-shaped medium-long hole strip open-stope mining method with subsequent backfilling is proposed. This approach effectively optimizes explosive energy distribution along the stope sidewalls and within the stope and incorporates smooth blasting principles. Calculations determined a hole spacing of 0.8 m corresponding to a charge diameter of 36 mm. A hole-by-hole initiation network with outside-hole delays was designed, and key techniques were explained, enabling single-blast initiation of up to 7 rows while maintaining production efficiency. Industrial trials in Stope 1000-1-4 demonstrated smooth post-mining sidewalls, validating the method's effectiveness.

Keywords:

fan-shaped medium-long hole; stope structure; controlled blasting; smooth blasting; hole-by-hole initia- tion; non-coupling charge; strip open-stope mining method with subsequent backfilling