清水塘铅锌矿床位于扬子陆块东缘中段，耒阳—临武南北向褶断带北缘，为中型铅锌矿床。为了探讨该矿床的成矿过程和矿床成因，采用光学显微镜、立体显微镜、X射线衍射、电子探针对主要金属矿物开展了成因矿物学研究。结果表明，根据颜色，清水塘铅锌矿床闪锌矿可分为黑褐色、褐红色、棕黄色、黄绿色等4种；随着颜色由深到浅，闪锌矿在晶体形貌方面，四面体形态减少而菱形十二面体形态增多，表明成矿温度从高到低变化。闪锌矿 w（Fe）为 0.107 %～1.458 %、w（Zn）为 64.240 %～66.443 %，闪锌矿 w（Zn）/w（Cd）平均值为 184.56，表明成矿温度为中低温。闪锌矿、方铅矿、车轮矿成分显示，成矿物质主要来自岩浆热液，后期有少量地层中的流体加入，流体存在富硫向贫硫转变的周期性变化特征。清水塘铅锌矿床成因为与岩浆热液有关的中低温热液矿床，后期加入了大气降水的流体。  

 The Qingshuitang Pb-Zn Deposit, a medium-sized Pb-Zn deposit, is located in the middle section of the eastern margin of the Yangtze Block, at the northern edge of the SN-trending Leiyang-Linwu fold-thrust belt. To investigate the metallogenic process and genesis of the deposit, genetic mineralogical studies were conducted on the main metallic minerals using optical microscopy, stereomicroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe. The results show that sphalerite in the Qingshuitang Pb-Zn Deposit can be classified into 4 color types: black-brown, reddish-brown, brown-yellow, and yellowish-green. As the color transitions from dark to light, the occurrence of tetrahedral crystal forms decreases while rhombic dodecahedral forms increase, indicating a decrease in mineralization temperature. The w(Fe) in sphalerite ranges from 0.107 % to 1.458 %, while w (Zn) varies between 64.240 % and 66.443 %, with anaverage w (Zn )/w(Cd) of 184.56, suggesting that the mineralization temperature is medium-low temperature. The compositions of sphalerite, galena, and bournonite indicate that the metallogenic materials were primarily derived from magmatic hydrothermal fluids, with minor contributions from strata fluids in later stages. The fluid exhibits periodic changes from sulfur-rich to sulfur-poor conditions. The Qingshuitang Pb-Zn Deposit is classified as a medium-low temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatic hydrothermal activity, with later-stage involvement of meteoric water.