重金属的赋存形态对其生物有效性、环境危害性等具有重要影响。采用 BCR改进法对某铜矿生态修复示范地土壤基质中和渣和黄土中重金属元素的赋存形态进行分析。结果表明：该铜矿生态修复示范地土壤基质中和渣和黄土样品中的Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd等重金属总量均符合 GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》第二类用地管制值；中和渣和黄土中重金属元素的赋存形态以残渣态为主，稳定性强，迁移活性弱，对环境潜在危害性小。中和渣中重金属元素的稳定性表明其作为土壤基质具有较可靠的环境安全性，利用中和渣复配自然土壤进行生态修复和植物复垦是可行的。  

The speciation of heavy metals is crucial for their bioavailability, environmental toxicity, and other aspects. The improved BCR method was used to study the speciation of heavy metals in the neutralized slag and loess in the soil matrix in an ecological restoration demonstration site of a copper mine. The results show that the total contents of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd, in the neutralized slag and loess in the soil matrix in the ecological restoration demonstration site of the copper mine all meet the second-class land control values specified in GB 36600-2018 Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land (Trial). The speciation of heavy metals in the neutralized slag and loess is predominantly in the residual fraction, which is highly stable, weakly mobile, and poses minimal potential environmental hazards. The stability of the heavy metals in the neutralized slag indicates its reliable environmental safety as a soil matrix. Using neutralized slag blended with natural soil for ecological restoration and phytoremediation is feasible.