为保证刚果（金）某铜钴矿边坡稳定性，降低边坡滑动风险，在工程地质、现场调查、室内试验等工作的基础上，结合典型地质剖面，对边坡岩体进行膨胀性判别，分析边坡变形破坏特征，并利用数值模拟方法进行稳定性分析。结果表明：膨胀潜势判别可从表观特征及试验指标综合判定，几种判别法具有一致性；根据含水率及自由膨胀率指标，将膨胀岩地层划分为上部弱膨胀岩与下部非膨胀岩，并分别确定各层的力学参数；利用有限元模型分析边坡稳定性，等效塑性应变区域与膨胀岩地层一致，坡面位移与实际情况相符合。在此基础上，提出了矿区膨胀岩边坡治理方式。膨胀岩边坡稳定性研究成果，完善了特殊岩土力学理论体系，为复杂地质条件下的边坡工程实践提供技术支撑。  

 To ensure the stability of slopes and reduce the risk of slope failure at an open-pit copper-cobalt mine in the DRC, this study conducted an integrated analysis based on engineering geology, field investigations, and laboratory testing. The swelling characteristics of the slope rock mass were identified using typical geological cross-sections, and deformation and failure features were analyked. A numerical simulation method was then employed to evaluate slope stability. The results show that swelling potential can be determined through a combination of visual indicators and test parameters, with different discrimination methods yielding consistent results. Based on moisture content and free swelling rate, the swelling rock strata were classified into an upper weakly swelling layer and a lower non-swelling layer, and corresponding mechanical parameters were established for each. Finite element modeling revealed that zones of equivalent plastic strain matched the distribution of swelling strata, and simulated slope displacements were consistent with observed conditions. On this basis, a slope stabilization scheme tailored for swelling rock in the mining area was proposed. The findings enrich the theoretical framework of special rock and soil mechanics and provide technical support for slope engineering under complex geological conditions.