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首页 > 矿业工程

寒温带钼矿资源开发活动的生态效应遥感解析

作者：
王雨龙¹，张龙¹，朱国燕¹，姚溪蕊¹，张龙刚²，李俊哲^{3，4，5，6}，曹镇^{3，4，5，6}，宋福强^{3，4，5，6}，范晓旭^{3，4，5，6}，常伟^{3，4，5，6*}
作者单位：
（1. 伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司；2. 中铁环境科技工程有限公司；3. 黑龙江大学生命科学学院； 4. 农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心；5. 黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室； 6. 黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室）
基金项目：
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2024C091）；伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司科技创新课题项目（LM（2024）-B-006）
详细信息：
作者简介：
王雨龙（1987—），男，高级工程师，研究方向为矿区生态修复；E⁃mail：353115594@qq. com
通讯作者：
常伟（1977—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为矿区生态修复；E⁃mail：changwei77@126. com
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Remote sensing analysis of ecological effects from molybdenum mining in cold temperate regions —mining impacts and restoration response assessment

English Author：
Wang Yulong¹, Zhang Long¹, Zhu Guoyan¹, Yao Xirui¹, Zhang Longgang², Li Junzhe^{3，4，5，6},Cao Zhen^{3，4，5，6}, Song Fuqiang^{3，4，5，6}, Fan Xiaoxu^{3，4，5，6}, Chang Wei^{3，4，5，6}
Unit：
（1. Yichun Luming Mining Co., Ltd.; 2. China Railway Environmental Technology Engineering Co., Ltd.; 3. School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University; 4. Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education; 5. Key Laboratory of Cold Region Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization; 6. Key Laboratory of Microbiology of Ordinary Universities in Heilongjiang Province）

摘要
在线预览
参考文献

摘要:

研究基于Google Earth Engine平台整合2009—2024年Landsat影像，构建寒温带露天钼矿“开采驱动-生态响应”时空耦合模型。通过遥感生态指数（RSEI）结合空间扰动指数，运用LandTrendr时序分割与多元回归模型，解析矿区开采和排土场修复的绿度指标、湿度指标、干度指标、热度指标时空演变规律。结果显示：矿区生态质量系统性退化，RSEI 下降超30 %，优级生态区面积缩减60 %。热效应增强与地表硬化作为核心驱动因素，其强度演变与首采区开发进程呈时序关联，直接导致植被覆盖显著降低。排土场生态劣化程度降至基准值的40 %以下，退化速率与扰动强度呈非线性增长关系。修复工程虽提升植被覆盖，但土壤湿度恢复滞后且优级生态区修复程度有限。空间异质性表明生态修复存在表里分异效应：分层覆土措施加速植被恢复，但深层土壤结构与生物多样性未形成协同响应，导致系统呈现“浅根化-早衰”循环。研究提出寒区矿区修复需突破表层工程局限，通过“微地形重塑-母质改良-功能群落重建”协同路径，增强土壤自肥能力与垂直结构稳定性，为寒温带矿区从物理干预到生态功能重建提供理论框架。

关键词:

生态修复；排土场；遥感生态指数；GEE云计算平台；生态效应；开采扰动

Abstract:

ThisstudywasconductedbasedontheGoogleEarthEngineplatformwithLandsatimagesfrom2009to2024.A spatiotemporal coupling model of“mining drive and ecological response”was established for open⁃pit molybdenum mining in cold temperate regions. The remote sensing ecological index（RSEI）was combined with the spatial disturbance index, and LandTrendr time⁃series segmentation and multiple regression models were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of greenness, wetness, dryness, and heat indicators in mining areas and waste dump restoration.Results show that ecological quality in the mining area systematically degrades, with RSEI decreasing by over 30 % and the superior ecological zone area reducing by 60 %. Thermal effect enhancement and surface hardening serve as core driving factors, and their intensity evolution shows temporal correlation with the development process of the primary mining area, directly leading to significant vegetation coverage reduction. The ecological degradation degree of waste dumps decreases to below 40 % of the baseline value, with degradation rate and disturbance intensity showing a nonlinear growth relationship. Although restoration projects increase vegetation coverage, soil moisture recovery lags, and the restoration degree of superior ecological zones is limited. Spatial heterogeneity indicates a surface⁃deep differentiation effect in ecological restoration: Layered soil covering measures accelerate vegetation recovery, but deep soil structure and biopersity fail to form coordinated responses, resulting in a "shallow rooting and premature senescence" cycle. It is proposed that mining restoration in cold regions needs to break through surface engineering limitations through a coordinatedpathof"micro⁃topographyremodeling,parentmaterialimprovement,andfunctionalcommunityreconstruction" toenhancesoilself⁃fertilizationcapacityandverticalstructurestability,providingatheoreticalframeworkforthetransition from physical intervention to ecological function reconstruction in mining areas in cold temperate zones.

Keywords:

ecological restoration; waste dump; remote sensing ecological index; GEE cloud computing platform; ecological effect; mining disturbance

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期刊导读

寒温带钼矿资源开发活动的生态效应遥感解析

基金项目：

详细信息：

Remote sensing analysis of ecological effects from molybdenum mining in cold temperate regions —mining impacts and restoration response assessment

摘要:

关键词:

Abstract:

Keywords:

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