Smelting dust with high arsenic content is a by-product of the bottom-blowing smelting furnace during pyroprocessing of copper smelting.The dust contains valuable elements such as copper,arsenic,zinc,lead,gold,and silver,which are potential metallurgical by-product resources.Acid leaching of arsenic and copper has the advantages of environmental friendliness,wide application range,low energy consumption,and high recovery rate,and has the potential for industrial application.In this paper,the process of sulfuric acid leaching-step-by-step sulfide precipitation of copper and arsenic was adopted for the copper smelting dust with high arsenic content of a copper smelter in China.The results showed that under the conditions of sulfuric acid acidity of 50 g/L,a liquid-solid ratio of 2.5∶1,stirring speed of 350 r/min and temperature of 40 ℃,and reaction time of 120 min,the leaching rates of arsenic,copper,and zinc were 76.78 %,98.07 %,and 97.45 % respectively;the step-by-step sulfuration of copper and arsenic in the leaching solution was carried out,and the precipitation rate of copper and arsenic was over 98 %.This process created favorable conditions for the recovery of valuable metals and precious metals in the following side-blowing furnace smelting process and realized the comprehensive recovery and utilization of valuable elements in copper smelting dust.