In a case study of one underground mine,based on the comprehensive analysis of the geological conditions and mining conditions,the typical exploration line section is taken as the research subject.A numerical model is established according to the finite difference software Flac3D,and the influence of underground mining with different schemes on the safety of the rivers on the surface is studied.The results are applied on-site and verified.The research results show that the ore bodies buried between -100 m and -400 m can be extracted by sublevel open stope and subsequent mining methods for safe mining,and the ore bodies between -40 m and -100 m can be extracted by the cut-and-fill method or security pillar reservation mining method.At present,the stability of rivers on the surface is good.Later on,the monitoring of the safety of the rivers on the surface should be enhanced.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the safe and efficient mining of similar mines,also it is of significance in protecting the safety of the rivers on the surface.