Roof caving is one of the important hazard sources of underground goaf accidents.In order to study the air impact disaster caused by large-scale roof caving and the protective effect of overburden,taking the goaf of Dunde iron-zinc mine as the engineering background,using comprehensive research methods such as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,the air impact disaster in goaf is theoretically calculated according to the actual mining conditions on site,and the roof caving in goaf is simulated and analyzed in combination with fluid mechanics numerical software.The results show that the numerical simulation can better show the diffusion behavior of air impact airflow in goaf under different working conditions.When there is no ore overburden,the maximum wind speed and maximum dynamic pressure of impact air flow in the ore-drawing roadway can reach 482.6 m/s and 602 142 Pa;when there is a 30-meter-thick ore overburden,the maximum wind speed in the ore-drawing roadway is only 2.71 m/s and the maximum dynamic pressure is only 8.03 Pa.In actual production,it is recommended to reserve a sufficient thickness of ore overburden to effectively protect the safety of personnel and equipment.