A microfine-grained complex refractory gold ore in Henan has a grade of 1.2 g/t,but the recovery rate by beneficiation is low.To improve the recovery rate and economic benefits,a process mineralogy study was conducted on the flotation tailings.The study revealed that the gold-bearing minerals in the tailings are primarily pyrite,followed by silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar.The pyrite particles are mostly smaller than 0.038 mm,typically occurring as fine particles intergrown with gangue minerals or encapsulated within them,with occasional monomeric occurrences.The monomer liberation degree is only 4.60 %,indicating that increasing the grinding fineness could further recover the gold from the tailings.Open-circuit and closed-circuit tests showed that when the grinding fineness was increased to -0.074 mm accounting for about 85 %,and the flotation reagent regime was optimized and adjusted,the recovery rate increased to 85.86 %,leading to significant economic benefits.