This study investigates the physicochemical properties,microbial community persity,species composition,and environmental drivers of pyrite tailings from 3 locations:Yunfu City in Guangdong (GD),Hefei City in Anhui (AH),and Ankang City in Shaanxi (SX) in China.Results indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in pH,NAG-pH,and total and available heavy metal contents among regions.GD pyrite tailings exhibit a significantly higher microbial Shannon index compared to AH and SX (P<0.05),and distinct microbial community compositions (P<0.05).Dominant phyla include Proteobacteria and Actinomycetota,while key genera such as Ralstonia,Sulfobacillus,and Leptospirillum demonstrate acid tolerance,heavy metal resistance,and iron-sulfur oxidation.The main environmental drivers influencing microbial community structure and composition include average annual temperature,average annual precipitation,pH,γ,DTPA-Zn,DTPA-Cr,and Cu.These findings provide theoretical support for pyrite tailings management and environmental restoration.