The restoration and management of underground mine goafs significantly impact mining areas and their surrounding environments. Using an underground goaf in a metal mine as the study object, this research employs the MIDAS CTS NX software for numerical simulations. The analysis focuses on the stability of the stepwise mining and filling process, as well as the overlying strata after waste rock filling. Additionally, the study examines the safety and stability of the goaf and the impact on surface rivers after applying waste rock filling + cemented filling to the roof. The results show that the waste rock filling + cemented filling to the roof effectively alleviates surrounding rock stress, ensures the stability of the riverbed, and significantly enhances the structural stability of the goaf, maintaining overall safety levels.