To clarify the pollution characteristies and sources of heavy metal elements in the soil of a mining area in Hebei Province, 10 sampling points were selected in the study area, and a total of 100 soil samples were collected. The comprehensive quality impact index method was used to calculate the content of heavy metal elements in the soil samples, which were compared with standard and background values to determine whether heavy metal levels exceeded allowable limits. Principal component and factor analyses were employed to identify the sources of heavy metals, while a multiple linear regression model was used to calculate the contribution rates of pollution sources. The horizontal and vertical migration patterns of heavy metals in soil and crops were also investigated. Results showed that the soil in the study area contains varying amounts of Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, and As, all of which exceed standard limits to a serious degree. The primary sources of heavy metal pollution in the area are industrial activities, coal combustion, traffic dust, mining, and transport-related diffusion. The distribution and migration patterns of heavy metals in different media indicate that their sources are closely related to mining activities. The findings provide data support for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the soil of this mining area.