Mine rescue robots are primarily used for search-and-rescue feedback operations following under-ground disasters and play a significant role in improving rescue efficiency and ensuring mine safety. This paper reviewsthe research progress from 4 perspectives: mechanical structure design, communication systems, positioning technologies, and explosion-proof mechanisms. In terms of mechanical structure, the advantages and disadvantages of tracked, intelligent bionic, and modified wheeled designs are analyzed, and a concept for the application of six-wheeled robots in mine rescue is proposed. In the communication system section, the applicability of Mesh, WiFi, ZigBee, 5G, and other wireless technologies is introduced, along with suggestions for improving system functions based on different usage priorities. Regarding positioning technology, the paper discusses the applications and integration of 4 mainstream techniques: environmental sensing, rescue path planning, IMU-based positioning, and SLAM. For explosion-proof systems, explosion-proof motors, protective enclosures, power supply, and explosion-proof material selection strategies are addressed to support lightweight robot design. Finally, the development trends of mine rescue robots are forecasted. offering a reference for future research and application, and contributing to the technological advancement of the industry.