Taking the -790 m level of the Jiaojia Gold Mine as the research object, a mechanical model of theload‑bearing structure of the roadway surrounding rock was established. Based on the cooperative bearing mechanismof the roadway and surrounding rock, considering the damage zoning of the surrounding rock, and combining with theloose circle ultrasonic testing experiment, the range of the loose circle was determined, which provided a basis for thestability evaluation of the rock and the design of support. The Flac3D software was used to numerically simulate the cha‑racteristics of the load‑bearing structure of the surrounding rock and the supporting effect. The research results showthat the lower the strength grade of the surrounding rock, the thicker the thickness of the supporting layer, and the greaterthe surface displacement of the surrounding rock; the farther the key supporting layer is from the roadway, the greaterthe surface displacement of the roadway; the greater the supporting resistance of the surrounding rock, the thinner thethickness of the supporting layer, and the closer the key supporting layer is to the roadway, the more favorable it is forcontrolling the deformation of the roadway.