Gold mine tailings represent the main solid waste generated during gold extraction (primarily throughcyanide leaching or flotation processes), and quartz and other gangue minerals are their main composition, often containingresidual heavy metals and trace amounts of gold. As a major global producer and consumer of gold, China has a vasthistorical accumulation of gold mine tailings, which continues to grow, while the comprehensive utilization rate remainslow. The massive stockpiling of tailings occupies substantial land resources, and potential dam failures, dust pollution,and long⁃term threats to water and soil environments from cyanide/heavy metal leachates are prominent. Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore efficient approaches for the large⁃scale consumption and resource utilization of goldmine tailings. In recent years, with the deepening implementation of green mining development strategies, remarkableprogress has been made in basic research, technological innovation, and engineering applications for the comprehensiveutilization of gold mine tailings. By taking a gold mine in western China as an engineering background, key researchachievements and practical applications of gold mine tailings as filling material in underground goaf management andconstruction material utilization were systematically reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical reference and technicalsupport for promoting bulk, high⁃value, and environmentally friendly resource⁃based utilization of gold mine tailings.