In mining operations, the ore pass is a critical ore transportation facility, and its performance is crucialto the overall operational efficiency and safety of the mine. However, due to complex internal fluid dynamics behaviorsand multi⁃factor interactions, the design and optimization of ore passes are highly challenging. The design principles,working mechanisms, and related influencing factors of ore passes were discussed, and optimization methods wereproposed to extend their service life. The trajectory equation of ore within the ore pass was determined through theoreticalderivation, and the normal and tangential restitution coefficients were calculated. Numerical simulations reveal that thenormal force during ore impact is significantly greater than the tangential force. Furthermore, both normal and tangentialforces generated by oblique chute ore discharge are higher than those from central ore discharge. Specifically, the averageincrease in normal force reaches 36 %, and the tangential force increases by approximately 17 %. Concurrently, tangentialwear is more severe than normal wear. Wear from oblique chute ore discharge concentrates at the ore impact point, andthe overall wear degree far exceeds that from central ore discharge. At the same velocity, the internal forces borne bythe ore pass wall are smaller under the central ore discharge mode. As the initial ore velocity increases, the growth rateof wall pressure also rises. At 4 m/s, the growth rates under the two modes are 2.3 times and 2.2 times those at 0 m/s,respectively. Implementing measures such as automatic steel plate guide gates and buffer chambers is recommended toreduce the initial ore velocity, thereby decreasing the internal forces acting on the ore pass walls.