ThisstudywasconductedbasedontheGoogleEarthEngineplatformwithLandsatimagesfrom2009to2024.A spatiotemporal coupling model of“mining drive and ecological response”was established for open⁃pit molybdenum mining in cold temperate regions. The remote sensing ecological index（RSEI）was combined with the spatial disturbance index, and LandTrendr time⁃series segmentation and multiple regression models were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of greenness, wetness, dryness, and heat indicators in mining areas and waste dump restoration.Results show that ecological quality in the mining area systematically degrades, with RSEI decreasing by over 30 % and the superior ecological zone area reducing by 60 %. Thermal effect enhancement and surface hardening serve as core driving factors, and their intensity evolution shows temporal correlation with the development process of the primary mining area, directly leading to significant vegetation coverage reduction. The ecological degradation degree of waste dumps decreases to below 40 % of the baseline value, with degradation rate and disturbance intensity showing a nonlinear growth relationship. Although restoration projects increase vegetation coverage, soil moisture recovery lags, and the restoration degree of superior ecological zones is limited. Spatial heterogeneity indicates a surface⁃deep differentiation effect in ecological restoration: Layered soil covering measures accelerate vegetation recovery, but deep soil structure and biopersity fail to form coordinated responses, resulting in a "shallow rooting and premature senescence" cycle. It is proposed that mining restoration in cold regions needs to break through surface engineering limitations through a coordinatedpathof"micro⁃topographyremodeling,parentmaterialimprovement,andfunctionalcommunityreconstruction" toenhancesoilself⁃fertilizationcapacityandverticalstructurestability,providingatheoreticalframeworkforthetransition from physical intervention to ecological function reconstruction in mining areas in cold temperate zones.