Gold concentrates flotation from Inner Mongolia were studied. Experimental investigations were conductedon three processes: cyanide leaching, ultrafine grinding pretreatment followed by cyanide leaching, and oxidation roastingpretreatment followed by cyanide leaching. The results were analyzed using ICP-OES, XRD, BPMA, SEM-EDS, andchemical phase analysis to determine the suitable treatment process. Findings indicate that due to the encapsulation ofgold mainly in sulfides, both conventional cyanide leaching and ultrafine grinding pretreatment followed by cyanideleaching are difficult to effectively recover gold, achieving gold recovery rates below 62 % while consuming 10-13 kg/tCaO and 3-7 kg/t NaCN during leaching. After one⁃stage oxidation roasting pretreatment, the gold leaching rate reaches80.45 % as FeS2 encapsulating gold is destroyed, though 92.82 % of gold in the leaching residue remains encapsulated byoxides. By using two⁃stage oxidation roasting, the gold leaching rate increases progressively with higher weak oxidationroasting temperatures, achieving amaximum of 90.02 %. Therefore, the two⁃stage oxidation roasting process proves suitablefor efficient treatment of this gold concentrate. This research provides a viable technical approach for efficient recoveryof such refractory gold concentrates and offers practical reference value for enhancing resource utilization.