The determination of primary and secondary components in crude copper usually adopts chemical ana-lysis that takes a long time and cannot meet the needs of rapid detection before the furnace.Therefore a method for the determination of primary and secondary components in crude copper by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was established using lathe sample preparation.The crude copper samples in actual production are used to make calibration curves.The surface finish and the interference between coexisting elements are optimized,and the primary and secondary components absorption enhancement effect should be calibrated by empirical coefficient method.The relative standard deviation of the determination results of each element is 0.12 %-5.78 %.The method is fast and accurate,and can be used to guide the production of blowing furnaces.