It is of great practical significance for mine safety supervision and accident prevention to master the general situation of major risk disaster and clarify its development trend,and carry out monitoring,analysis,warning and forecast.Based on the engineering background of an iron mine mining,the movement and deformation of the surface and riverbed are analyzed and studied.Based on the establishment of COMSOL numerical simulation model,the surface and riverbed displacement variation under different mining progress is analyzed.Based on the actual survey data of UAV and unmanned ship monitoring system,the accuracy of the model is verified while the surface and riverbed deformation rules are analyzed,providing theoretical support for safe and efficient mining in mines.