The purity of rhodium-plated white 18K gold jewelry from 6 different manufacturers was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and fire assay,and the rhodium content of gold rolls from fire assay was detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).The results showed that only 1 of the 6 samples tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry had a rhodium content of more than 1 % and less than 2 %,and the rest were less than 1 %,indicating that the thickness of the rhodium-plated layer in most samples was similar and thin.ICP-OES results confirmed that the rhodium mass fraction in the gold rolls of 6 samples is less than 0.020 ‰,indicating that the rhodium element on the surface of the sample may be trapped by other impurity elements and absorbed by the ash dish during cupellation process,which had little effect on the detection of gold content.The method can totally be used to determine the gold content of rhodium-plated white 18K gold jewelry.