Abstract: As shallow metal mineral resources become increasingly depleted, deep mining has become a key approach to ensuring a stable supply of mineral resources. Driven by the “dual-carbon” strategy and the construction of ecological civilization, underground metal mining is accelerating its transformation toward greener and smarter operations. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and development trends of key technologies in underground metal mining: in the field of green mining, technologies such as paste backfilling, in-situ leaching, integrated mining and beneficiation, and mine area ecological restoration have matured, successfully achieving the synergistic effect of efficient resource utilization and ecological protection; intelligent mining, relying on technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, and digital twins, has made significant breakthroughs in the development of intelligent equipment, the construction of integrated management and control platforms, and the improvement of intelligent operation and maintenance systems, promoting unmanned production processes and integrated management control; deep mining, addressing the complex conditions of “high stress, high temperature, high osmotic pressure, and disturbances,” has established key support in the fields of deep rock mechanics theory, deep well cooling and heat hazard management, and shaft construction and hoisting technologies; rock-breaking technology has developed a diversified pattern of mechanical, non-mechanical, and “mechanical plus multi-source auxiliary” combined rock breaking, breaking through the limitations of traditional blasting. However, existing technologies still face many bottlenecks, including insufficient engineering adaptability, high costs of large-scale application, and lack of cross-industry collaborative mechanisms. Looking ahead, underground metal mining will focus on interdisciplinary technology integration, the establishment of unmanned mining ecosystems, in-situ fluid mining, and the construction of ultra-large intelligent mines, driving the industry toward safety, efficiency, low carbon, and sustainability, and providing solid theoretical and technical support for the development of deep strategic mineral resources.