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融合多源InSAR观测与加权先验约束的高寒高海拔矿区边坡三维形变监测

Three-Dimensional Deformation Monitoring of a High-Altitude Cold-Region Mine Slope by Integrating Multi-Source InSAR Observations with Weighted Prior Constraints

  • 摘要: 针对高寒高海拔矿区边坡地形切割强烈、地面监测布设困难及单轨InSAR仅能获取视线向形变的问题,以西藏某矿区高陡边坡为研究对象,利用2024年8月至2025年10月获取的29景涪城一号升轨影像和35景Sentinel-1降轨影像,分别开展SBAS-InSAR时序处理。在比较两类数据空间分辨率与时序监测能力的基础上,引入由DEM坡度、坡向构建的顺坡滑移先验,并通过加权正则化控制视线向观测拟合与先验方向约束之间的平衡,实现东向、北向和垂向三维形变反演。结果表明:两类SAR数据均识别出沟谷两侧、坡体中下部、坡脚及工程扰动区的持续变形,涪城一号对局部斑块状异常及其边界的刻画更清晰,Sentinel-1则能够稳定反映区域背景形变;典型点P3的涪城一号升轨LOS向累计形变超过0.02 m,P3、P4均呈持续或阶段性增强特征;升降轨LOS差异主要来自观测几何的不同,并非监测结果矛盾。三维反演显示,P3滑坡体以水平运动为主,垂向沉降相对较弱,异常集中在坡体中部、西侧边界及坡脚附近。研究表明,国产高分辨率SAR与开放获取的Sentinel-1数据具有明显互补性,融合多源InSAR观测和加权顺坡先验可为有限观测几何条件下的三维形变稳定解算提供约束,为高寒高海拔矿区边坡隐患识别、重点区筛查和动态监测提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Slope monitoring in high-altitude cold-region mines is hindered by strongly dissected terrain, difficult deployment of ground instruments, and the line-of-sight (LOS) limitation of single-track InSAR. A steep mine slope near Lhasa, Tibet, was therefore investigated using 29 ascending Fucheng-1 images and 35 descending Sentinel-1 images acquired from August 2024 to October 2025. Separate SBAS-InSAR time-series analyses were first performed to compare the spatial resolution and temporal monitoring capability of the two datasets. A downslope-motion prior derived from DEM-based slope and aspect was then introduced. Weighted regularization was used to balance LOS-data fitting against the prior directional constraint, allowing east, north, and vertical displacement components to be estimated. Both datasets detected persistent deformation along valley flanks, in the middle and lower parts of the slope, near the slope toe, and within engineering-disturbed areas. Fucheng-1 delineated localized patch-like anomalies and their boundaries more clearly, whereas Sentinel-1 provided a stable representation of the regional deformation background. At representative point P3, the cumulative LOS displacement measured from ascending Fucheng-1 data exceeded 20 mm; P3 and P4 exhibited persistent or episodically accelerating deformation. Differences between ascending and descending LOS time series primarily reflect their distinct viewing geometries rather than inconsistency between the measurements. The three-dimensional solution indicates that the P3 landslide was dominated by horizontal movement, with comparatively weak vertical subsidence; the principal anomalies occurred in the central part, along the western boundary, and near the toe. These results demonstrate the complementarity of high-resolution domestic SAR and openly available Sentinel-1 observations. Integrating multi-source InSAR measurements with a weighted downslope prior improves the stability of three-dimensional deformation estimation under limited viewing geometry and supports hazard identification, priority-area screening, and dynamic monitoring of mine slopes in high-altitude cold regions of Tibet.

     

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