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等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在井下采空区探测中的应用——以滇中大红山铁铜矿床为例

Application of OCTEM in underground goaf detection: A case study of the Dahongshan Iron-Copper deposit in Central Yunnan

  • 摘要: 大红山铁铜矿床是云南省已开发利用且规模最大的大型铁铜矿床,其深部开采形成了大量隐蔽采空区,可能诱发威胁矿山安全生产的地压灾害。为此,快速准确探明井下采空区的空间位置与形态,是实现深部资源安全高效回采、构建绿色矿山井下防灾体系亟待解决的关键技术难题。瞬变电磁法(TEM)是目前采空区快速探测中应用最广泛的电磁物探方法,但存在早期信号失真导致的“浅层探测盲区”,且易受井下复杂电磁环境干扰等不足。为突破此瓶颈,引入等值反磁通瞬变电磁法(OCTEM),该方法通过双线圈反向电流产生零磁通平面,可有效消除一次场干扰,实现对地下纯二次场的高精度测量,具备抗干扰能力强、分辨率高及适用于狭小空间作业的优势。以大红山铁铜矿床Ⅱ1矿体西翼采区A33勘探线—A34W勘探线的采空区为研究对象,首先在已知E2采空区验证了方法的有效性,随后开展精细化探测。通过在360~365 m中段布设多角度测线并进行数据反演,成功识别出高阻充气采空区与中阻松散体界面。结果表明,OCTEM能精确划分采空区“顶板—空区—松散体—底板”的电性结构,有效克服了传统方法的浅层盲区问题,为深部资源安全高效回采及地压调控提供了科学依据。

     

    Abstract: The Dahongshan Iron-Copper Deposit in Central Yunnan is the largest exploited iron-copper deposit in Yunnan Province. Its deep mining has formed numerous concealed goafs, which may induce ground pressure hazards that threaten mine safety. Accurately determining the spatial location and morphology of these underground goafs is a critical technical challenge for establishing a green mine disaster prevention system. Transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is currently the most widely used electromagnetic geophysical method for detecting goafs. However, despite its extensive application, TEM suffers from a shallow detection blind zone and is susceptible to interference from the complex electromagnetic environment in underground settings. To overcome this bottleneck, this study introduces the Opposing-Coils Transient Electromagnetic Method (OCTEM). By utilizing reverse currents in dual coils to generate a zero-flux plane, this method effectively eliminates primary field interference, enabling high-precision measurement of the pure secondary field underground. OCTEM boasts strong anti-interference capability, high resolution, and suitability for operation in confined spaces. Focusing on the goafs between exploration lines A33 and A34W in the west mining area of the Dahongshan deposit, the study first verified the effectiveness of the method in the known E2 goafs, followed by refined detection. By deploying multi-angle survey lines at the 360 m and 365 m levels and performing data inversion, the high-resistivity gas-filled goafs and the interfaces of medium-resistivity loose bodies were successfully identified. The results indicate that OCTEM can precisely delineate the electrical structure of the goafs, comprising the "roof-empty zone-loose body-floor," effectively overcoming the shallow blind zone limitations of traditional methods. This provides a scientific basis for the safe and efficient recovery of deep resources and ground pressure regulation in the mine.

     

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