Abstract: In mineral processing production, comminution has always been a large energy consumer and remains a critical yet difficult stage for mine energy conservation and carbon reduction. Thus, how to reduce the energy consumption of crushing and grinding has become a problem to be urgently solved in the mining industry. The research and application of current ore pretreatment technologies for comminution, high-efficiency comminution equipment, and novel low-carbon comminution flowsheets were systematically summarized and analyzed. Microwave-assisted comminution utilizes differences in dielectric properties among minerals to generate microcracks for comminution, while high-voltage electric pulse comminution promotes ore liberation by applying a high-voltage pulsed electric field. These approaches are currently the two mainstream ore pretreatment technologies. In terms of comminution equipment, the high-pressure grinding roll （HPGR） based on the interparticle compression mechanism can reduce ore grindability and is characterized by a pronounced selective breakage effect, abundant microcracks in the product, high content of fine particles, and low specific energy consumption. （Semi-）autogenous mills combine crushing and grinding functions and comminute materials through impact and abrasion, featuring low capital investment, a small footprint, low labor cost, and good environmental performance. In terms of fine grinding equipment, vertical stirred mills and IsaMills achieve comminution through friction, impact, and shearing between the grinding media and particles, exhibit higher energy transfer efficiency than traditional ball mills that rely mainly on impact breakage, and have become important equipment for solving the liberation problem of finely disseminated minerals. In terms of novel low-carbon comminution processes, the short-circuit process in which HPGR is directly coupled with stirred mills provides a new approach for low-carbon comminution. The synergistic grinding process using ceramic and steel balls delivers significant energy conservation and has been applied on a large scale in major concentrators. Finally, future trends of low-carbon, high-efficiency, and intelligent comminution were prospected to provide some theoretical and technical reference for energy conservation, carbon reduction, and quality and efficiency improvement in mine comminution systems.