Abstract: Carbonaceous gold ores, which contain substantial amounts of organic carbon and sulfides, are prone to the "preg-robbing" effect during cyanide leaching, severely affecting gold recovery. Roasting pretreatment technology is a key approach to disrupting the adsorption by carbonaceous matter and the encapsulation by sulfides. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in roasting pretreatment technologies for carbonaceous gold ores, with a focus on analyzing the principles, influencing factors, and application effects of mainstream processes such as oxidative roasting, microwave roasting, and vacuum roasting. Traditional oxidative roasting effectively destroys carbonaceous structures and liberates encapsulated gold through high-temperature oxidation, significantly improving leaching rates, but it faces issues of high energy consumption and environmental pollution. Improved processes such as oxygen-enriched roasting and fluidized bed roasting demonstrate superior performance in enhancing reaction efficiency and reducing emissions. Microwave roasting utilizes selective electromagnetic wave heating, offering advantages such as rapid processing, energy savings, and avoidance of sintering, making it particularly suitable for refractory fine-grained gold ores, though its technological maturity still requires further improvement. Vacuum roasting achieves thermal decomposition of sulfides and liberation of gold in an oxygen-free environment, fundamentally preventing the generation of harmful gases such as SO₂, and thus offers significant environmental benefits. However, its widespread application is limited by high energy consumption and equipment requirements. By comparing the energy consumption, efficiency, and environmental performance of various roasting technologies, this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimizing process selection. It also points out that future research should focus on the coupling of multiple technologies, parameter optimization, energy consumption reduction, and exhaust gas resource utilization to promote the development of green and efficient pretreatment technologies for carbonaceous gold ores.