Abstract: To address the treatment problems caused by the coexistence of high concentrations of cyanide and copper ions in cyanide-containing wastewater generated during the cyanidation of gold concentrate at a gold production enterprise, a resource recovery process based on sulfide precipitation was proposed and systematically studied. The effects of precipitant type （sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide）, dosage, reaction pH, and reaction time on copper recovery were systematically investigated by comparative single-factor tests. The experimental results show that both precipitants can achieve efficient copper recovery under optimized conditions. When sodium sulfide is used as the precipitant, the copper recovery is 98.3 % under the optimum conditions of a dosage of 4 g/L, reaction pH of 5.0−5.5, and reaction time of 15 min. When sodium hydrosulfide is used as the precipitant, the optimum conditions are as follows: a dosage of 1.25 g/L, a reaction pH of 5.0−6.0, and a reaction time of 15 min, with a corresponding copper recovery of 98.5 %. A comprehensive comparison shows that, at similarly high copper recoveries, sodium hydrosulfide has a wider effective pH range and a lower reagent cost. This is because the copper precipitation reaction with sodium hydrosulfide generates H⁺, providing greater pH-buffering capacity, while sodium hydrosulfide also has a higher sulfur content per unit mass. Therefore, sodium hydrosulfide is recommended as the preferred precipitant for copper recovery in this wastewater system. After treatment by this process, the obtained copper-containing material has a copper grade of 58.3 % and an arsenic content of 0.0077 %, meeting the requirements of the T/GGA 008—2017 standard, Cyanide Copper Mud. This study not only alleviates the potential harm of heavy metal accumulation to subsequent production systems by removing copper ions, but also converts pollutants into valuable resources, thus providing a feasible technical solution for enterprises to achieve synergy between environmental and economic benefits and helping to promote clean production and sustainable development in the gold smelting industry.