Abstract: As mining operations continue to extend to greater depths, untreated shallow goafs may pose potential safety threats to important mine shaft and roadway projects, directly affecting the reuse of existing mine infrastructure and increasing investment costs. To facilitate the reuse of an existing main inclined shaft, this study systematically analyzed the stability of goafs within its protective pillar and their effects on shaft safety using engineering geological surveys based on oblique photogrammetry, rock mass quality classification, the extended Mathews stability graph method, and numerical simulation. Corresponding treatment measures were proposed. The results indicate that Goaf No. 1 has exceeded its limiting span, with a collapse probability of approximately 10 %. Goafs Nos. 2−4 exhibit good overall stability, with only a low probability of failure and no predicted probability of collapse. However, Goaf No. 2 is located directly beneath the main inclined shaft, and its collapse would pose a significant threat to the long-term safe operation of the shaft. Numerical simulation shows that the maximum principal stress in the surrounding rock of the goafs is approximately 15 MPa, the maximum roof displacement is 4.6 mm, and the plastic zone is 1−2 m thick, indicating that the goafs are generally stable. Calculations of deformation in the rock surrounding the main inclined shaft show that the characteristic values of tilt, curvature, and radial deformation are all below the permissible limits specified in the relevant standards, thus meeting the requirements for safe operation. Based on the comprehensive stability analysis and the safety threats posed by Goafs Nos. 1 and 2, backfilling of these goafs is recommended to reduce the safety risks to the main inclined shaft. Sealing measures are recommended for Goafs Nos. 3 and 4 to prevent accidental entry. After treatment, the safety requirements for the reuse of the main inclined shaft can be met. This study adopted an integrated analytical procedure combining engineering geological investigation, rock mass quality classification, an empirical graphical method, and numerical simulation to systematically evaluate the stability of the goafs and their effects on shaft safety, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This research approach provides a methodological reference for evaluating similar engineering problems in other mines.