Abstract: China has a massive stockpile of tailings, and the recovery of fine-grained valuable components from such tailings is highly difficult. Conventional gravity separation and flotation processes struggle to achieve efficient recovery for low-grade, micro-fine tailings. Representative centrifugal separation equipment in the field of tailings treatment was systematically reviewed, and the structural features, separation mechanisms, operation modes, and practical tailings application cases of Knelson concentrators, Falcon concentrators, water-jacketed centrifuges, and SL centrifuges were summarized and compared. The results indicate that centrifugal separation equipment can realize pre-concentration, roughing rejection with volume reduction, and cleaning for quality upgrading in the treatment of gold, tin, tungsten, iron and molybdenum tailings. Its core advantages include enhanced settling of fine high-density minerals, reduced reagent consumption and downsized downstream processing scale, but its application remains constrained by factors such as water consumption, equipment abrasion, continuous ore discharge and enrichment ratio. In the future, centrifugal separation equipment will be upgraded toward large-scale, continuous and intelligent development. Through structural optimization, material upgrading and the iteration of intelligent control technologies, its adaptability and technical economy in the large-scale disposal of bulk tailings will be further enhanced, providing stronger technical support for the comprehensive management and high-value utilization of mine tailings.