Abstract: In order to solve the shortage of guest soil resources for ecological restoration of gold mines in the arid grassland area of Northwest China, a physical and chemical property improvement material prepared from corn straw, cattle and sheep manure, and biological agents was selected to conduct soil improvement experiments on waste rock from a gold mine dump, so as to replace topsoil resources for ecological restoration. By analyzing the changes in physical and chemical properties and plant growth indicators of waste rock powder with different improvement ratios, the feasibility of soil improvement of gold mine solid waste was verified. The results showed that: ① Adding physical and chemical property improvement materials to waste rock powder for soil improvement could effectively adjust the alkaline matrix of waste rock powder to neutral, reduce the density of waste rock powder to meet conventional soil requirements, and effectively improve the water holding capacity of waste rock powder. ② The physical and chemical property improvement materials could effectively increase the nutrients required for plant growth in waste rock powder, so that the improved waste rock powder could meet the basic conditions required for vegetation growth. ③ Based on the indicators of ryegrass germination rate, plant height, root and stem length, and plant growth, it was determined that the addition amount of 15 % of physical and chemical property improvement materials was more suitable for soil improvement of waste rock powder.