Abstract: Against the backdrop of dual pressures of energy consumption and efficiency faced by the global mining industry, the high-pressure grinding roll （HPGR）, as an efficient comminution technology, has been increasingly applied in the field of gold ore beneficiation. This paper systematically explained the working mechanism of HPGR based on the principle of interparticle compression, analyzed its advantages over conventional cone and jaw crushers in terms of specific energy consumption, throughput, and product characteristics, and discussed the selection of key operating parameters, including roll pressure, roll speed, and feed particle size. The results show that HPGR products contain a higher proportion of −0.074 mm particle size content. In addition, by generating a network of microcracks, HPGR significantly reduces the Bond Work Index by 15 %–20 %, thus creating favorable conditions for subsequent grinding and leaching. The HPGR reduces the overall comminution energy consumption and increases the gold leaching rate. To address issues encountered in practical applications, such as roll surface wear and high moisture or clay content in the feed material, this paper proposes solutions involving material optimization and improved process control. Owing to its energy-saving performance, high efficiency, and enhanced mineral liberation, HPGR plays an important role in processing low-grade and complexly disseminated gold ores and in improving the overall techno-economic performance of the process. It is one of the key technologies promoting the green upgrading of gold ore beneficiation processes.