Abstract: As shallow surface resources become depleted, deep mining has become an inevitable trend. The filling system serves as one of the core methods for deep mining, and the rationality of its pipeline network layout and the transportation capacity directly affect the operational efficiency of the system. In response to the safety issues existing in current pipeline network layouts for deep mine filling, such as severe pipeline wear, high transportation resistance, high risk of plugging, uneven pressure distribution, and gas hammer effect, this study took the pipeline network of deep mine filling systems as the research object, aiming to optimize the pipeline network layout and enhance safe transportation performance. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and field testing, the influence mechanism of optimized layout on pipeline wear rate, transportation resistance, and plugging risk was systematically investigated. A deep metal mine in Yunnan Province was used as a case study for application verification. The results show that after optimization, the pipeline network length is reduced from 9 000 m to 2 600 m, and the number of elbows is significantly decreased. In actual operation, the pipeline wear rate is reduced by 40 %; transportation resistance decreases by 30 %; transportation efficiency increases by 20 %, and the single filling operation time is shortened by nearly 20 minutes. The research findings provide theoretical and technical support for the safe and efficient operation of filling systems in deep mines.