Abstract: In view of sudden headframe damage caused by concealed shaft hazards, a GNSS displacement monitoring station based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was established at the auxiliary shaft of the Wang’ershan Gold Mine, enabling real-time monitoring of shaft collar displacement and remote dynamic visualization of displacement direction and magnitude. Concurrently, high-precision surveys were performed to monitor the inclination of the headframe and the deviation between its central axis and that of the sheave wheel. An ANSYS finite element model was developed based on the headframe’s structure to determine the relationship between shaft foundation settlement and headframe stress by applying different surface settlement values. The critical foundation settlement for headframe damage was determined to be 30 mm, corresponding to a column yield strength of 235 MPa. A time series polynomial was constructed from equally spaced discrete surface settlement monitoring data. Through formula derivation, a cusp catastrophe prediction model for surface deformation was established. This enabled a seamless connection between the monitoring data and the cusp catastrophe prediction model, achieving real-time prediction of auxiliary shaft foundation deformation. Based on the shaft collar settlement monitoring data of the auxiliary shaft of the Wang’ershan Gold Mine, a cusp catastrophe prediction model was established. By using the prediction results, the surface deformation patterns were analyzed, which guided the timely and effective treatment of the shaft and headframe, thereby achieving safe mine production. The research results have enhanced the level of intelligent monitoring in the mine and possess significant potential for broader application.