Abstract: Paste backfill technology is one of the key supporting technologies to ensure national mineral resource security and implement the Two Mountains Theory. Nevertheless, the traditional extensive, experience-dependent, and mine-wide homogenized paste backfill design fails to satisfy the engineering requirements of goafs in terms of spatial difference, functional difference, and environmental constraint difference under complex mining conditions. To solve the above problems, the concept of personalized paste backfill was proposed. Taking differentiated paste performance requirements and precise customization of paste materials as the core, it achieved multi-objective directional regulation of paste backfill materials by identifying performance indexes of different mining areas and working conditions and combining mineral fingerprint characteristics of solid wastes. This paper elaborated the differentiated performance requirements of paste and precise customization of paste materials. The differentiated performance requirements of paste mainly cover mechanical properties, pipeline transport performance, consolidation forming performance, environmental safety, low carbon and emission reduction, and other aspects. The precise customization of paste materials involves raw material system identification, material structure optimization, cementitious system construction, functional component addition, and whole-process quality control. It is indicated that future research should be strengthened in goaf demand identification, solid waste mineral fingerprint analysis, intelligent decision-making of material proportioning, and system dynamic regulation methods, so as to promote the high-quality development of paste backfill towards refinement, intelligence, and customization.