Abstract: As metal mines progressively enter the stage of deep mining, the demands for mine safety as well as green and efficient production have become increasingly prominent. The backfilling mining method has emerged as a vital mining technique for deep ore bodies due to its effectiveness in ground pressure control, improvement of ore recovery rates, and enhancement of underground working conditions. Traditional backfilling mining methods, however, suffer from shortcomings such as high backfilling costs and significant labor intensity. Enhancing backfilling system efficiency, reducing mining backfilling costs, and decreasing workers’ labor intensity have become key challenges in promoting backfilling in mines. As a novel solution to these challenges, intelligent backfilling technology has achieved positive results in many mining applications. This paper briefly introduced the basic concepts and principles of intelligent backfilling technology, analyzed the reasons for its rapid development, and provided a detailed overview of the current state of artificial intelligence algorithms in backfilling experiments as well as the construction of intelligent backfilling systems in China. Finally, the difficulties in research on intelligent backfilling technology were discussed, and some ideas for the future development direction of intelligent backfilling technology were provided.