Abstract: The Laodonggou Gold Deposit is located in the Inner Mongolia section of the Beishan mineralization belt. The main ore bodies are hosted in marble and dolomitic marble of the Yuanzaoshan Group of the Jixian System of the Mesoproterozoic Era. They occur in a layered and lens-shaped manner. According to the ore body’s structure, mineral composition, and oxidation degree, the ore types can be classified into primary copper−gold polymetallic ore, primary gold−silver−lead ore, and cave-type oxidized ore. This study discovered typical submarine hot water sedimentary structures such as bedding-parallel laminated structure, syngenetic breccia structure, convolute bedding structure, and soft-sediment sliding deformation structure in the surrounding rocks of the layered and lens-shaped ore bodies. The study proposed the Middle Proterozoic hot water sedimentary mineralization in the Laodonggou Gold Deposit. The superimposed and modified mineralization in the Laodonggou Gold Deposit is related to the Silurian magmatic−hydrothermal activities and has characteristics of isospatial mineralization and epigenetic mineralization. The formation of cave-type oxidized ore in the Laodonggou Gold Deposit is the result of Quaternary groundwater activity and karstification. The Laodonggou Gold Deposit is a stratabound polygenetic compound deposit. The aggregation of conductive minerals and the formation of the gold deposit are causally related to the geoelectric field conditions. This study has significant implications for promoting the exploration work of Proterozoic stratabound gold deposits in the Inner Mongolia section of the Beishan mineralization belt and the entire Beishan metallogenic belt.