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基于边缘计算的防炮烟中毒报警系统设计及应用

Design and application of an edge computing-based anti-blasting fume poisoning alarm system

  • 摘要: 非煤矿山井下采场爆破作业会产生一氧化碳、氮氧化物、硫氧化物等有毒气体,对采场作业人员构成严重安全威胁。目前井下采场气体检测主要依托便携式气体检测仪,该类设备在爆破后无法实现对采场爆破区域有毒气体浓度的实时在线监测,存在监测盲区与安全隐患。为实现爆破后采场环境状态的实时感知与就地联动报警,研究并设计了一种基于边缘计算的实时监测与联动报警系统,提出了系统的总体架构,阐述了包括有毒气体数据采集、传感器部署、在线规则编译与多设备联动报警控制在内的系统实现方法,并详细介绍了各功能模块的技术路径。该系统能够实现采场有毒气体浓度的实时监测与边缘侧智能判断,使作业人员在远离危险区域时仍可实时了解有毒气体风险状况;通过构建由边缘控制主机集中调度的有毒气体传感器、语音声光报警器及显示终端联动控制网络,可显著提升采场作业的安全水平与生产效能。测试与现场应用表明,该系统运行稳定,从气体浓度超阈值到声光报警触发的全链路响应时间约为1.9 s,误差为0.3 s,实现了有毒气体的在线监测与智能联动报警。本系统可作为矿山现有监测监控体系的重要补充,尤其适用于基建期安全避险“六大系统”尚未完全建成或覆盖不全、采场开拓与爆破作业频繁高风险作业面等场景,为提升非煤矿山爆破作业本质安全水平提供了灵活、可靠的技术装备。

     

    Abstract: Blasting operations in underground non-coal mine stopes produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides, posing serious safety risks to personnel. Current gas monitoring in stopes mainly relies on portable gas detectors, which cannot provide real-time online monitoring of toxic gas concentrations in blasting areas after detonation, resulting in monitoring blind spots and potential hazards. To achieve real-time perception of the stope environment and localized linked alarms after blasting, a real-time monitoring and linked alarm system based on edge computing was developed. This paper proposed the overall system architecture, elaborated on the system implementation methods, including toxic gas data acquisition, sensor deployment, online rule compilation, and multi-device linked alarm control, and detailed the technical approaches for each functional module. The system enabled real-time monitoring of toxic gas concentrations in the stope and intelligent judgment at the edge, allowing personnel to keep track of gas risks in real time even when stationed away from hazardous areas. By building a linkage control network centrally dispatched by an edge control host and integrating toxic gas sensors, voice audible-visual alarms, and display terminals, it significantly improved both safety and production efficiency in stope operations. Tests and field applications show that the system operates stably, with a full-chain response time of 1.9 s, the error is 0.3 s, from the moment gas concentration exceeds the threshold until the audible-visual alarm is triggered, thereby achieving online toxic gas monitoring and intelligent linked alarming. The system serves as an important supplement to the existing mine monitoring and control system. It is particularly suitable for scenarios such as the construction phase, in which the mandated "six major safety systems" have not yet been fully established or comprehensively covered and for high-risk working faces where development and blasting operations are frequent. It provides a flexible and reliable technical solution for enhancing the intrinsic safety level of blasting operations in non-coal mines.

     

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