Abstract: Pyrite, the most widely distributed sulfide mineral, undergoes oxidation processes that generate acid mine drainage (AMD), leading to severe environmental pollution in mining areas. To optimize pyrite utilization efficiency and fundamentally mitigate AMD formation, this study systematically analyzed pyrite electrochemical oxidation behaviors in 3 buffer solutions—10 mmol/L HAc-NaAc (acidic), 10 mmol/L NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4 (neutral), and 10 mmol/L NH3-NH4Cl (alkaline) —using electrochemical analysis and X⁃ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis method.Results reveal that pyrite surface oxidation initiates preferentially under low⁃potential conditions, with oxidation rates accelerating significantly in higher pH buffer solution. These findings provide theoretical insights into the chemical mechanisms of pyrite oxidation.