矿山按需通风智能管控系统实施方案研究
Research on implementation scheme of intelligent control system for on‑demand ventilation in mines
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摘要:
随着矿产资源的日益枯竭,地下开采已经成为矿山开发的主要选择。然而,井下开采面 临的首要问题是井下作业环境需要地表新鲜空气的供给,同时井下爆破、铲装、设备运行等生产活 动也会不间断产出粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化氮等有毒有害气体。针对地下开采矿山,矿山通风系统 排出井下有毒有害气体、向井下作业区域供给新鲜空气,同时调节井下环境,改善工作人员作业环 境,其是否高效、稳定运行,直接影响井下作业人员的安全及井下生产活动是否可继续推进。矿山 通风是地下矿山安全生产至关重要的基础,然而矿山传统通风系统具有能耗高、效率低、通风不 均、维护困难、安全隐患高等问题,亟待实施矿山按需通风智能管控系统对矿山通风系统进行智能 化升级,实现按需高效通风。基于此背景,对矿山按需通风智能管控系统实施方案进行研究,探讨 矿山按需通风系统在设备层、控制层、算法层、平台层、应用层实现智能管控的架构及方法。通过 建立算法模型、机理模型,应用工业控制、信息网络、数字孪生等先进技术,建立矿山按需通风智能 管控系统,可有效解决矿山通风系统效率低、通风不均匀等问题,在能耗管理、安全隐患管控、系统 预维护等方面实现数据算法赋能,为建立智能化安全低碳矿山提供支持及保障。
Abstract:With the increasing depletion of mineral resources, underground mining has become the primary choice for mine development. However, underground mining faces a major challenge. Specifically, the working environment requires a continuous supply of fresh air from the surface, while production activities such as blasting, mucking, and equipment operation constantly generate dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and other toxic and hazardous gases. In underground mines, the ventilation process is utilized to remove toxic and hazardous gases, supply fresh air to working areas, regulate the underground climate, and improve the working environment for staff. Its operational efficiency directly affects personnel safety and production continuity. Mine ventilation serves as a critical foundation for underground mining safety. However, traditional ventilation systems are characterized by high energy consumption, low efficiency, uneven airflow distribution, maintenance challenges, and safety risks. It is urgent to implement the intelligent control system for on‐demand ventilation in mines to upgrade the ventilation system of mines and achieve efficient ventilation on demand. Based on this context, the implementation scheme of an intelligent control system for on‐demand ventilation in mines was investigated. The architecture and methods for intelligent control were examined across five layers: equipment layer, control layer, algorithm layer, platform layer, and application layer. Algorithmic models and mechanistic models were established, and advanced technologies, including industrial control, information networks, and digital twins, were applied to construct the intelligent control system for on‐demand ventilation in mines. The system effectively addressed issues of low ventilation efficiency and uneven airflow distribution. Data‐driven algorithmic solutions were implemented for energy management, safety hazard control, and predictive maintenance, providing technical support for developing intelligent, safe, and low‐carbon mines.
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