Abstract: Direct-to-blister copper smelting technology has the advantages of short process and energy saving,which is in line with the current development direction of carbon neutralization.In this work,a high-grade copper concentrate was used as the raw material to explore the effects of blowing time,heat preservation time,and calcium-silica ratio on the direct copper recovery rate of direct-to-blister copper smelting technology,and its mechanism was preliminarily discussed.The results show that the optimum slag phase composition is Fe/SiO2=0.30 and CaO/SiO2=0.58.At smelting temperature 1 300 ℃,70 % oxygen-rich air was injected into 60 g melt at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min for 34 min and then settled for 120 min to obtain blister copper.The direct copper recovery rate was 91.65 %.With the increase of CaO addition,calcium  aluminosilicate with a high melting point will be formed,which will increase the copper content in slag.The viscosity of the slag is 1.8 Pa·s,and the copper in the slag is mainly entrained in the form of metallic copper and white ice copper.