Abstract: This study investigates the early strength development and rapid setting effects of 4 inorganic salt activating agents,namely water glass,NaOH,Na2SO4,and Al2(SO4)3,at different dosages in tailings and ore residue-based cementitious materials,elucidating their mechanisms.Results show that within a certain range of addition,the compressive strength of the filling specimens increases with age for all 4 activating agents.NaOH at a addition of 0.5 % exhibits the best early strength development,followed by Na2SO4 at 1.0 % addition,while Al2(SO4)3 at 0.5 % addition shows the most significant effect on later strength development,with water glass performing the poorest.Considering practicality and economy,the composite use of Na2SO4 and Al2(SO4)3 added to tailings-based cementitious filling specimens demonstrates superior comprehensive performance.These findings effectively enhance the early strength of backfill body,providing scientific references for optimizing the structure and strength of backfill body in mines.