A systematic study was conducted on the application and process optimization of gravity separation in the beneficiation of gold‐bearing pyrite ores. Based on the mineralogical research of the ore, the gold grade in the ore was determined as 3.40 g/t by chemical composition analysis, phase analysis, and other methods. The main carrier mineral is pyrite, with gold predominantly in the form of native gold. The ore contains a high proportion of fine and mediumsized gold particles. The gold occurrence is in three forms: fissure gold, intergranular gold, and inclusions of gold. The embedding characteristics are mainly characterized by gangue fissure gold and gangue intergranular gold distribution. In response to the issues of insufficient load and low recovery rate in the original "gravity separation + flotation" process, a modification plan was proposed to introduce the primary grinding overflow into the Knelson concentrator and establish a closed‐circuit gravity separation process. Industrial test results show that after the modification, the gravity gold recovery increases from the original 16.08 % to 28.46 %, the tailings grade decreases from 0.31 g/t before modification to 0.24 g/t, and the overall beneficiation recovery rate improves by 0.55 percentage points compared to that before the modification.