Abstract: A structural equation model between the relationship of the safety atmosphere and the unsafe behavior of people is established to analyze the issue of safety atmosphere affecting unsafe behavior in non-coal mining enterprises.Based on the division of research dimensions of safety atmosphere and unsafe behavior of people,a questionnaire was issued in a non-coal mining enterprise,and AMOS 21.0 software was used for analysis and modeling to propose 14 hypotheses on the relationship between safety atmosphere and unsafe behavior of people.The model was revised and hypotheses were verified to obtain the impact results of a safety atmosphere on the unsafe behavior of people in non-coal mining enterprises.The results showed that the work environment,safety communication and training,risk awareness,and management emphasis directly or indirectly affect safety compliance behavior and safety participation behavior through intermediary variable safety attitude,and the intermediary variable safety attitude has a greater impact on unsafe behavior of people.This non-coal mining enterprise can reduce unsafe behavior of people by strengthening the emphasis of management on safety,improving the work environment,and enhancing education and training measures.