Abstract: The ventilation system of a newly built mine adopts a single-wing diagonal ventilation mode, with air intake through a slope and air return through a vertical shaft, and the ventilation method is mechanical extraction. The underground infrastructure has formed 12 m, −8 m, −28 m, and −48 m sections, but the mine ventilation system has not yet been formed during the infrastructure period. With the advancement of each section project, the ventilation distance increases. To solve the problems existing in the underground temporary ventilation system, such as airflow short circuit, insufficient air supply at the working face, and low ventilation efficiency, the layout was optimized from three aspects: ventilation measure engineering, ventilation equipment, and ventilation pipelines. Windbreak walls, air doors, and air windows were arranged in key underground areas to regulate the air volume, and equipment such as local ventilators and air ducts was added to the extended roadways. Combined with the optimization scheme, a three-dimensional ventilation model was established using Ventsim software to solve the ventilation networks of the underground temporary ventilation system before and after optimization. The simulation results show that through measures such as adjusting the air volume and changing the wind direction, the underground ventilation conditions have improved significantly, and the effective air volume rate of the ventilation network increases from 58.47 % to 70.43 %. The extended roadways adopt the "main fan + local relay" mode, which effectively solves the long-distance air supply problem in the southwestern panel of the −8 m and −28 m sections. The air supply volume at the tunneling face is not less than 4.7 m³/s, and the dust-exhausting air velocity is not less than 0.3 m/s. The air volume and air velocity indicators at the working face meet the requirements of safe production, ensuring continuous and stable production of the mine.